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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
private-key cryptography
As opposed to public-key cryptography, a
cryptographic method in which the same key is used to encrypt
and decrypt the message. Private-key algorithms include the
obsolescent Data Encryption Standard (DES), triple-DES
(3DES), the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known
as Rijndael, Blowfish, Twofish RC2, RC4, RC5 and RC6.
A problem with private-key cryptography is that the sender and
the recipient of the message must agree on a common key via
some alternative secure channel.
Public-key cryptography gives an answer to this problem.
(2008-02-07)